Equipment Notebook: May 2000, Pruners

Pruner Primer

While pruning trees and shrubs is an ordinary task, the practice often presents some extraordinary challenges, one of which is selecting the right tools. Contractors must consider a number of factors, including pruner durability, weight and feel, and level of dealer support, but ultimately, the choice comes down to personal preference.

“There are a lot of pruners out there, and we’ve used a lot of them,” said Larry Vickers, buyer, Jimmy’s Tree Service, Vero Beach, Fla. “We have 45 employees and they all have their own opinions about what they like.”

Generally, contractors want pruners that cut clean and easy, said John Reisbeck, vice president of marketing and sales, Corona Clipper, Corona, Calif. “They must not be too heavy, and they have to be durable,” he said. ”Will the tool stand up under intense use and can it be repaired, rather than thrown away? Contractors pay more and want to be able to repair their tools instead of tossing them away.”

Manufacturers recommend that contractors buy the best quality pruners they can afford because when the tools are properly cared for, they will last longer and perform better than cheaply made ones.

PRUNING TOOLBOX:
Know Your Tools

    Choosing the right tools can make pruning easier and minimize plant injuries. Here are some common types of pruning tools and their uses:

    Pruning knife – This sharp, folding knife’s forward-curving blade is used for removing small twigs and for nicking and notching.

    Pull-cut saws – The folding saw is used for shrub and dormant season pruning. The curved saw is for cutting larger branches.

    Push-cut saws – These two-edged saws have small teeth that cut on the push stroke and coarse teeth that cut on both strokes.

    Pole pruners and saws – These tools allow extra reach for high branches with telescoping and other extensions. A saw blade is mounted in combination with the pole pruner or may be mounted on a pole itself.

    One-hand pruners – Anvil and bypass types are used for cutting stems.

    Two-hand loppers – They have long handles, providing better leverage, more cutting power and extended reach. They come in anvil or bypass types.

    Hedge shears – They are used for shearing plants into formal shapes.

    Power tools – Hedge trimmers are used only for trimming and will jam if the tool is used on hard twigs. Chainsaws are used for jobs with larger trees.

    – Information supplied by Corona Clipper and Holden Arboretum

There are a sea of pruners to choose from on the market (See Pruning Toolbox, page 115). Landscape contractors must be cognizant of new tools as they become available, said Robin Pendergrast, marketing and public relations specialist for Echo, Lake Zurich, Ill. “If you’ve got a good dealer you can depend on, the dealer will know the product lines and tell you the differences,” he said.

TOOL TIME. There are three basic types of pruners, Reisbeck explained. “The bypass type is where the blade bypasses the opposing hook,” he said. “The anvil pruner is where the blade comes down, cuts through the material and rests against the anvil, or flat surface. The ratchet pruner, which is a variation on the anvil pruner, cuts through the wood in a series of stages. The ratchet pruner is almost like a PVC pipe cutter.”

The bypass pruner is popular, Reisbeck said, because it requires little maintenance and cuts closer to where the branch, or stem, originates.

Still, the blades on the bypass pruner can be prone to crossing over each other if they are not made with a good pivot bolt system, said Don Prescott, president, Push-N-Prune, Shelley, Idaho.

The anvil pruner, Reisbeck continued, is excellent for cutting tough, diseased, dead or frozen wood. “The blade is sharpened down to a point on both sides, but what frequently happens is people don’t maintain the blade,” he said. “It becomes dull and tends to crush the stem.”

The anvil may keep the pruner from getting close to the trunk, Prescott said. “The anvil type makes large cuts easier and can be incorporated into leverage-compounding handle designs,” he said. “But anvils get require replacement.”

While the ratchet pruner allows contractors to make effortless cuts, a series of cuts is needed to get through one branch, Reisbeck added. “The drawback is the lack of speed,” he said.

On the other hand, power pruners often increase productivity, Pendergrast noted. Still, there are safety issues. “You have to be careful and you have to know how to prune,” Pendergrast said. “It’s a 14- to 16-pound piece of equipment, and you have to be in decent shape (to operate it).”

MATCHMAKER. Carefully evaluate pruning jobs to determine what tools are needed, Pendergrast suggested, offering some questions for contractors to consider. “Is the job ground level or bucket?” he asked. “Can you reach it effectively? Are you doing a lot in one location or just a branch or two? What types of trees are you pruning?”

As opposed to going in and butchering the tree, Pendergrast said, contractors must learn proper pruning techniques. “You need to know how to handle the product so you don’t hurt the equipment, the tree and yourself,” he said.

Matching pruners to a job means knowing what type of material will be cut and how thick it is, Reisbeck said. A hand pruner, for example, is good for branches 1 inch or less in diameter. “Anything above that takes an inordinate amount of strength to cut through the wood,” he said. “It’s easier to go to a larger tool.”

The cut’s size will determine which pruner to use, said Way Hoyt, president, Tree Trimmers & Associates, Fort Lauderdale, Fla. “For the most part, we’re using chainsaws if the tree is 2 to 3 inches in diameter,” Hoyt said.

Prescott said his criteria for choosing a pruner is based on the size of the branches being cut and how far one must reach to get to the branch comfortably. Pole pruners, for example, give contractors extended reach, but sometimes they sacrifice maneuverability and speed. “The lever mechanism makes getting into congested areas difficult, and you have to keep track of the rope,” he said. “One advantage of the rope is that the pruner can be operated from any point you grasp along the pole.”

But there is a fatigue factor with pole pruners. “If you aren’t in shape, you’re asking for an accident,” Pendergrast said.

Hoyt agreed that pole pruners can be difficult to use, except for aesthetic cuts. “They don’t always make correct cuts very easily,” Hoyt said. “Anything above 23 to 24 feet becomes too awkward to handle. You have very little control at these kinds of distances.”

LOOK FOR SUPPORT. Contractors must do their homework to find products that suit their needs, Pendergrast said. “They must see if the pruner is well made and easily serviced,” he said. “Good dealer support is particularly important and so is parts availability.”

Some suppliers go out of their way to help contractors stay on the cutting edge, Vickers said. “Our supplier is good about letting us try products out and in return, if we like them, we buy them,” he said.

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May 2000
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